直接引语（直接引用别人原句的方式）
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更新时间：2023-05-17
基本信息
| 中文名 | 直接引语 |
| 拼音 | zhí jiē yǐn yǔ |
| 定义 | 直接引用别人原句 |
| 属性 | 名词 |
| 用途 | 语言语法 |
| 解释 | 讲述别人的原话，并放在引号里 |
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例句
直接与间接
引语四点变化
I.时态变化
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如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。
直接引语 | 间接引语 | |
时间状语 | now 现在 | then 那时；当时 |
时间状语 | today 今天 | that day 那天 |
时间状语 | tonight 今晚 | that night 那天晚上 |
时间状语 | this week 本周 | that week 上周 |
时间状语 | yesterday 昨天 | the day before前一天 |
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注：直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
II.如何变句型
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
如：
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
III.人称变化
遵从一主二宾三不变
一主：从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。
eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
eg: I often tell him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “
三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。
IV.注意
在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
②主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。
③直接引语是一般现在时，且表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
④直接引语为谚语警句或名人名言时，时态不变。
⑤直接引语为客观事实真理，时态不变，常考的有：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
The moon goes around the earth.月球绕着地球转。
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