罗伯特·格雷夫斯（英国诗人、小说家、评论家）
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更新时间：2023-05-17
基本信息
| 国籍 | 英国 |
作品信息
| 代表作品 | 《希腊神话》 |
基本简介
罗伯特·格雷夫斯（Robert Graves，1895.7.24–1985.10.7），20世纪英国著名诗人，出生于伦敦，曾在第一次世界大战中服役，之后从牛津大学毕业。他在开罗大学教了一年英语，后来曾一度在西班牙的马略卡岛定居。格雷夫斯从1961到1966年间任牛津大学的诗歌学教授。
罗伯特·格雷夫斯是20世纪英国文学史上一位极具创新精神的诗人。他擅长写洗练的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，继承了传统的风格，不趋时髦。他的战争诗独具特色，充分展示了诗人特有的才情和睿智. 也写小说、杂文、文学批评和神化研究作品，并翻译文学经典。他最初的作品是一些谴责第一次世界大战对生命的摧残的诗歌。他的自传《向一切告别》（1929年）讲述了他在一战中的经历。谴责战争的残酷，对英国病态的社会和文化表示不满。
《耶稣王》（1946年）是一部非传统历史小说。他后来的大部分诗作都是爱情抒情诗。他的古罗马帝国三部曲《我，克劳迪斯》（I， Claudius）、《克劳迪斯神和他的妻子梅萨利纳》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、《贝利萨里乌斯伯爵》（Count Belisarius）是现代历史小说经典之作，现实主义的表现手法使生活在古代的人物具有亲近感，同时又保持了历史性。他在《白色女神》(1947)一书中认为文艺起源于对原始女神的崇拜。他对希腊和希伯来神话也深有研究。1961至1965年任牛津大学诗学教授。1980年发表小说《他们吊死了我的圣洁的比利》。
《火盆旁》（1916年）、《诗集1938–1945年》（1946年）、《诗集》（1959年）、《新诗集》（1977年）。神话研究作品——《白仙女》（1947年）、《希腊神话》（1955年）。随笔——《肩负读者》（The Reader over Your Shoulder）（1943年，与艾伦·霍奇合著）。
英文介绍
Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.
* Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.
* Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.
* Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.
* The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
* Poems (1914-1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.
* Poems (1914-1927). London: William Heinemann
* To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.
* Poems 1930-1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.
* Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.
* No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.
* Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.
* Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.
* Poems 1938-1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.
* Collected Poems (1914-1947). London: Cassell, 1948.
* Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.
* Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.
* Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.
* Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.
* The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
* Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.
* The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.
* More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.
* Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
* New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.
* The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough: Marlborough College Press, 1962.
* Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964; New York: Doubleday, 1964.
* Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.
* Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1966.
* One Hard Look 1965
* Collected Poems 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.
* Seventeen Poems Missing from 'Love Respelt'. privately printed, 1966.
* Colophon to 'Love Respelt'. Privately printed, 1967.
* Poems 1965-1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.
* Poems 1968-1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.
* Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.
* Poems 1970-1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
* Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.
* Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.
* At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.
* Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.
* New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.
* Selected Poems. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986
* The Centenary Selected Poems. ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Complete Poems Volume 1. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Complete Poems Volume 2. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.
* Complete Poems Volume 3. ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.
* The Complete Poems in One Volume ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
Poems
Fiction
* My Head! My Head!. London: Sucker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.
* The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.
* No Decency Left (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.
* The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.
* I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.
o Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.
* Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.
* Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.
* Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940.
o Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.
* The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.
* The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.
* King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.
* Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.
* The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.
* Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.
* Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.
* They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.
* Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.
* An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.
Other
* On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.
* The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.
* Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.
* Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.
* Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.
* Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
* The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.
* Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E.P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.
* A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.
* Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
* A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.
* Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.
* Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.
* But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.
* T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.
* The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.
* The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.
* The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.
* The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922-1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.
* Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.
* The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.
* The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.
* The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954-1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.
* Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.
* Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.
* Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.
* 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.
* Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.
* Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.
* Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.
* Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.
* The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.
* The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak
* Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.
* Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
* Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.
* Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.
* The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.
* Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.
* The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.
* The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.
* On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.
* Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.
* In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914-1946. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982
* Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946-1972. ed Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984
* Collected Writings on Poetry. ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Complete Short Stories. ed Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.
* Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion. ed Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.
